Journal: Nature neuroscience

Article Title: Maternal hematopoietic TNF, via milk chemokines, programs hippocampal development and memory

doi: 10.1038/nn.3596

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. The maternal effect on offspring phenotypes is postnatal. (a,b) Association of the postnatal TNF deficient maternal environment with enhanced cognitive performance in MWM (Two way ANOVA; platform location left : F 3,124 =21.70, P <10 −5 , N= 12,6,12,5/group; platform location right : F 3,48 =26.050, P =0.0001 and location x group F 3,38 =3.78, P =0.016, N=8,6; LSD posthoc. *p<0.05; ***<0.0005) and fear conditioning (ANOVA: F 2, 21 =4.32, P=0.03; LSD posthoc *p<0.05; N= 6,7,10). Data are shown as means ± SE. (c) Association of the postnatal TNF deficient maternal environment with increased proliferation in P14 DG (ANOVA: F 2,16 =6.3, P =0.01; N= 6,7,6; LSD posthoc. *p<0.05). ( d) Postpartum administration of infliximab increases P14 DG proliferation in the offspring (t-test, T=2.709 p=0.014, N=14,6). Data are from two independent experiments. Box-whisker plots represent the first three quartiles (25%, median and 75%) and values 1.5× the interquartile range below the first quartile (lower horizontal line) and above the third quartile (upper horizontal line). ( e) Offspring of infliximab and anti-mouse TNF antibody treated mothers had a higher level of recall of the platform location in probe trial 1 than that of the control offspring (Two way ANOVA; quadrant: F 3,132 =35.93, P <10 −5 ; group x quadrant: F 6,132 =2.14, P =0.05; N=16,9,11/group; LSD posthoc. *p<0.05; ***p<0.0005). Controls, derived from mothers injected postnatally with either BSA or IgG1 isotype control antibodies, were pooled as their behavior did not differ.

Article Snippet: Another group of mice received purified NA/LE hamster anti-mouse/rat TNF (BD Pharmingen 557370), 300μg/mice, at postpartum day 1, 7 and 14.

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Derivative Assay, Injection

Journal: Nature neuroscience

Article Title: Maternal hematopoietic TNF, via milk chemokines, programs hippocampal development and memory

doi: 10.1038/nn.3596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduced milk chemokine levels in TNF deficient mothers are responsible for the WT(H) phenotypes. (a) Chemokine levels in postpartum day2 milk of TNF TNF +/− and TNF −/− mothers (two way ANOVA; genotype effect: F 2,110 =26.40, P <0.0001; group x chemokine: F 20,110 =4.31, P <0.0001; Tukey HSD posthoc test *p<0.05; N=5,3,5/group). Data are shown as means ± SE. (b) A cocktail of 5 recombinant cytokines at 3x and 10x doses given by gavage daily (1x: IP-10, 4 pg/g mouse weight; MIP-1β, 25pg/g; MCP-1, 10pg/g; MCP-3, 4 pg/g, and MCP-5, 0.7 pg/g) between P1 and P14 reduced proliferation in P14 DG (ANOVA; F 3,118 =4.14, P =0.021; N=5,6,6,5/group, LSD posthoc. *p<0.05, #<0.1). (c) The cytokine cocktails given between P1 and P21 reduced adult MWM memory in probe trial 1 at the 3x and 10x doses (Two way ANOVA; platform location: F 3,75 =24.98, P <10 −5 ; group x platform location: F 6,75 =2.60, P =0.024; N=8,5,7,9/group, LSD posthoc. *p<0.05; ***<0.0005). (d) Increased WBC counts ( t -test, T=2.678, p=0.019), due to elevated levels of lymphocyte and monocyte numbers in P10 pup of TNF +/− mothers as compared to pups of WT mothers (Manual count; Two way ANOVA, group: F 1,65 =9.37, P =0.0003; N=6,9/group, LSD posthoc. *p<0.05; **<0.005). Because the WT and KO pups of H mothers were not different, data were combined. NEUT, neutrophil; LYMPH, lymphocyte; MONO, monocyte; EOS, eosinophil; BASO, basophil.

Article Snippet: Another group of mice received purified NA/LE hamster anti-mouse/rat TNF (BD Pharmingen 557370), 300μg/mice, at postpartum day 1, 7 and 14.

Techniques: Recombinant